ABSTRACT

Cholesterol oxidation products, which are more injurious to adult human than pure cholesterol, may occur in vivo or during food processing through cholesterol autoxidation. Also current interest in natural products has stimulated the search for new cholesterol-lowering agents from herbal sources. The aim of this study is to estimate the antioxidant activity of two common spices -dry ginger (Zingiber officinale) and celery seeds (Apium graveolens) and to determine their efficacy in controlling the cholesterol oxidation in fish lipid both in presence of enzyme and under non-enzymatic storage condition. Antioxidant activity was evaluated from chloroform extract of these spices in terms of total phenol content, ferric reducing activity, inhibition to peroxidation in linoleic acid system and metal chelating activity over a span of five weeks, and compared against synthetic antioxidant-BHT (butylhydroxytoluene). Total cholesterol was estimated from tilapia fish lipid extracted post refrigerated preservation (0-40C) of spiced, homogenized fish muscle, at interval of one week on day 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35. Phenol content and ferric reducing activity was found to be higher in ginger. In terms of phenol content, inhibition to peroxidation in linoleic acid and metal chelating activity, compared to ginger, antioxidation potential was found to increase in celery after first two weeks. Though both of them could comparably inhibit cholesterol oxidation ginger showed its maximum efficiency till first three weeks while celery till day 14, but in long run celery seeds were found to be more efficient in controlling cholesterol oxidation product formation. Synthetic antioxidant BHT recorded a lower antioxidant potential but a higher efficiency in controlling cholesterol oxidation.

Keywords: Ginger, Celery Seeds, Antioxidant, Cholesterol oxidation, Fish lipid.

ABSTRACT

Some novel transition metal complexes of ciprofloxacin-acetylated derived from ciprofloxacin were synthesized and characterized on the basis of physical properties, elemental analysis, UV-VIS, IR, ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy. All the compounds screened for their in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities by agar well diffusion method. This acetylated derived, 2 and its metal complexes 3-8 were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains and antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Cytotoxic activity also made against brine shrimp lethality assay. The acetylated derivative showed enhanced antibacterial activity compared to ciprofloxacin against most of the bacterial strains but the metal complexes possessed lower activities compared to acetylated derivative as well as ciprofloxacin. Among the metal complexes 3-8, Zn (II) derivative, 8 is more potent antibacterial. Interesting all of the derivatives has shown enhanced activities against Candida albicans compared to ciprofloxacin. Among which metal complexes 4, 5, 7 and 8 were found to be more active not only than ciprofloxacin but as well as for an antifungal drug, miconazole nitrate. Regarding cytotoxicity, most of the derivatives showed better cytotoxic agent than ciprofloxacin.

Keywords: Ciprofloxacin-acetylated, Metal complex, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Cytotoxicity.

ABSTRACT
Malaria is a life-threatening disorder affecting various regions of the world. A lot of population is under the danger
even though many drugs have been designed and discovered. Drug-resistance is alarming situation from long time ago. This review focuses on many of the drugs that have been discovered so far. Scientists are also looking forward for other newer targets for eradicating malaria. A brief review on developmental research on anti-malarial vaccines has also been covered in this digest.
Keywords: Malaria, Vaccines, Scientists.

ABSTRACT Pomegranate fruit is an important source of potentially healthy bioactive compounds and mineral nutrients. Changes in total phenolic compound, concentrations, and levels of macronutrients (P, K, N, Mg, Ca and Na) and micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe and B) in arils and peel of pomegranate fruit were recorded from 10 days after full bloom until harvest. Total phenolics levels increased at early stage of growth both in peel and arils of fruit, but thereafter generally decreased during maturation and reached to 3.70 and 50.22 mg g-1 of dry weight in arils and peel, respectively, at harvest. The amount of total phenolics in peel was markedly higher than arils of pomegranate fruit. The concentration of most elements in arils and peel decreased during fruit growth and development. At harvest the relative order of concentration of macronutrients both in arils and peel was K > N > Ca > P > Mg > Na. The concentration of most micronutrients was greater in the arils than in the peel especially in early season. The relative order of concentration of micronutrients in arils was B > Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn. The accumulation of all the macro- and microelement within the fruit also increased during fruit growth and development. These results provide important data on total phenolics and macro- and micronutrient changes during fruit growth and development, emphasizing that pomegranate fruit can be a good source of bioactive compounds and minerals.

Key words: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.), Mineral nutrients, Total phenolic compound, Fruit growth and development, Macro- and micronutrients.

ABSTRACT Capecitabine is used as an anti-cancer drug. The aim of the present study is to develop a new analytical method for the estimation of Capecitabine in bulk and in tablet dosage form. Spectroscopic method has been developed for the quantification of Capecitabine in bulk and in the formulation. This method is simple, cost effective, accurate and precise. In this method, Capecitabine showed maximum absorbance at 295 nm in methanol followed by double distilled water, which was selected as solvent for our analysis based on its stability. Beer’s law obeyed in the concentration range of 5-25 mcg/ml. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.26941 and 0.81639 mcg/ml respectively. This method is validated as per ICH guidelines. The method was found to be simple, accurate, precise and rapid. Keywords: UV-Spectroscopic method, Capecitabine, Precise.